Water Storage and Treatment Methods

Water Storage Containers

Choosing the right water storage containers is a critical aspect of emergency preparedness. The containers you select should be durable, non-toxic, and capable of keeping water safe for an extended period. Here are some types of containers commonly used for water storage:

1. Plastic Water Jugs and Bottles

Plastic water jugs and bottles are readily available and affordable options for storing water. Look for containers made from food-grade plastic, which is designed to be safe for storing drinking water. These containers are usually available in various sizes, making it easy to store different quantities of water based on your needs. However, it's important to note that plastic containers can degrade over time and may need to be replaced periodically.

2. Water Storage Barrels

Water storage barrels are larger containers typically made from high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or other food-grade materials. These barrels come in different sizes, ranging from 15 to 55 gallons (57 to 208 liters), allowing for significant water storage capacity. To ensure the safety of stored water, look for barrels specifically designed for water storage and consider features like UV protection and tamper-evident seals.

3. Collapsible Water Containers

Collapsible water containers are flexible containers made from materials such as BPA-free plastic or food-grade fabric. These containers are lightweight and portable, making them a convenient option for emergency situations. Collapsible water containers are available in various sizes and can be easily folded and stored when not in use. However, they may not be as durable as other container options and require careful handling to prevent punctures or leaks.

Factors to Consider When Choosing Containers

When selecting water storage containers, consider the following factors:

Properly cleaning and sanitizing your water storage containers before use is essential to prevent any potential contaminants from compromising your emergency water supply. Follow the manufacturer's instructions or use a solution of one teaspoon of unscented household bleach per gallon of water to sanitize the containers. Rinse them thoroughly before filling them with water.

Water Treatment Methods

In addition to storing water, it's crucial to be prepared to treat water in case the supply becomes compromised or contaminated during emergencies. There are several methods available to make water safe for consumption:

1. Boiling Water

Boiling water is one of the simplest and most effective methods of treating water. By bringing water to a rolling boil for at least one minute (or three minutes at higher altitudes), you can kill most types of pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Allow the water to cool before drinking or storing it in clean, sanitized containers.

2. Purification Tablets

Water purification tablets are a convenient option for treating small quantities of water. These tablets typically contain chemicals such as chlorine dioxide, which can effectively kill bacteria, viruses, and some parasites. Follow the instructions provided with the tablets for proper dosage and treatment time. It's important to note that water purification tablets may not be effective against certain types of contaminants, such as chemical pollutants or heavy metals.

3. Filtration Systems

Water filtration systems are designed to remove impurities and contaminants from water, making it safe for consumption. There are various types of filtration systems available, ranging from portable filters to larger, gravity-fed systems. Filtration systems can effectively remove bacteria, protozoa, and some viruses, depending on the filter's specifications. It's important to regularly clean and maintain the filters according to the manufacturer's instructions to ensure their effectiveness.

4. Chemical Disinfection

Chemical disinfection involves using chemicals such as chlorine or iodine to kill or inactivate pathogens in water. This method is commonly used in emergencies when boiling water or other treatment options are not available. Follow the instructions on the disinfectant product for proper dosage and treatment time. It's important to note that chemical disinfection may not be effective against certain types of parasites or chemical pollutants.

5. UV Water Purifiers

UV water purifiers use ultraviolet light to kill or inactivate microorganisms in water. These portable devices are effective against bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. Simply immerse the UV purifier in a container of water and activate the device according to the manufacturer's instructions. UV purifiers require batteries or a power source to function, so it's essential to have backup power options available during emergencies.

6. Combination Treatment Methods

In some cases, using a combination of water treatment methods may be necessary to ensure the safety of your water supply. For example, you can pre-filter water using a cloth or coffee filter to remove larger particles, then use a combination of boiling and chemical disinfection for added protection. It's important to carefully follow the instructions for each treatment method and understand any potential limitations or requirements.

By being familiar with different water storage containers and treatment methods, you can create a comprehensive plan to ensure a safe and reliable water supply during emergencies. Regularly inspect and maintain your water storage containers, and periodically rotate your stored water to maintain its freshness. Additionally, make sure to educate yourself and your household members on proper water treatment techniques to ensure the safety of your emergency water supply.